DENTAL SURGERY

Dental surgery is any of a number of medical procedures that involve artificially modifying dentition, in other words surgery of the teeth and jaw bones.

A dental officer and his assistant remove the wisdom tooth of a crew member of the nuclear-powered aircraft carrier USS Dwight D. Eisenhower (CVN-69)

TYPES OF DENTAL SURGERY

Some of the more common are:

• Endodontic (surgery involving the pulp or root of the tooth)
  • Root canal
    • Pulpotomy The opening of the pulp chamber of the tooth to allow an infection to drain; Usually a precursor to a root canal
    • Pulpectomy - The removal of the pulp from the pulp chamber to temporarily relieve pain; Usually a precursor to a root canal.
  • Apicoectomy - A root-end resection. Occasionally a root canal alone will not be enough to relieve pain and the end of the tooth, called the apex, will be removed by entering through the gingiva and surgically extracting the diseased material.

• Prosthodontics (dental prosthetics)
  • Crowns (caps) — artificial coverings of the tooth made from a variety of biocompatible materials, including CMC/PMC (ceramic/porcelain metal composite), gold or a tin/aluminum mixture. The underlying tooth must be reshaped to accommodate these fixed restorations
  • Veneers — artificial coverings similar to above, except that they only cover the forward (labial or buccal) surface of the tooth. Usually for aesthetic purposes only.
  • Bridges — a fixed prothesis in which two or more crowns are connected together, which replace a missing tooth or teeth through a bridge. Typically used after an extraction.
  • Implants — a procedure in which a titanium implant is surgically placed in the bone (mandible or maxilla), allowed to heal, and 4-6 months later an artificial tooth is connected to the implant by cement or retained by a screw.
  • Dentures (false teeth) — a partial or complete set of dentition which either attach to neighboring teeth by use of metal or plastic grasps or to the gingival or palatial surface by use of adhesive.
  • Implant-supported prosthesis — a combination of dentures and implants, bases are placed into the bone, allowed to heal, and metal appliances are fixed to the gingival surface, following which dentures are placed atop and fixed into place.

• Orthodontic treatment
  • Implants and implant-supported prosthesis — also an orthodontic treatment as it involves bones
  • Apiectomy — also an orthodontic treatment as part of the underlying bone structure must be removed.
  • Extraction — a procedure in which a diseased, redundant, or problematic tooth is removed, either by pulling or cutting out. This procedure can be done under local or general anesthesia and is very common — many people have their wisdom teeth removed before they become problematic.
  • Fiberotomy — a procedure to sever the fibers around a tooth, preventing it from relapsing.

• periodontics

DENTAL ANESTHESIA

Dentists inject anesthetic to block sensory transmission by the alveolar nerves. The superior alveolar nerves are not usually anesthetized directly because they are difficult to approach with a needle. For this reason, the maxillary teeth are usually anesthetized locally by inserting the needle beneath the oral mucosa surrounding the teeth. The inferior alveolar nerve is probably anesthetized more often than any other nerve in the body. To anesthetize this nerve, the dentist inserts the needle somewhat posterior to the patient’s last molar.

LINKS ON DENTAL SURGERY

Recognized Specialties (in the United States) Endodontics - Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology - Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology - Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery - Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics - Pediatric Dentistry - Periodontics - Prosthodontics - Dental public health Unrecognized Specialties (in the United States) Cosmetic Dentistry - Dental Implantology - Temporomandibular Joint Disorder - Geriatric dentistry - Restorative Dentistry - Forensic Odontology - Dental Traumatology Procedures Dental extraction - Tooth filling - Root canal therapy - Root end surgery - Scaling and root planing - Teeth cleaning -Tooth bonding - Tooth polishing - Tooth bleaching See also List of oral health and dental topics - List of basic dentistry topics - Oral hygiene - Dental instruments - Restorative materials M: TTH anat/devp/phys noco/cong/jaws/tumr, epon, injr dent, proc (orth, pros, endo)